1.1 DNA testing can be performed to match other specific people and to identify general backgrounds. Paternal lines are tested by Y-DNA and maternal lines by mtDNA.
In Y-DNA between 10 and 67 markers are tested. A Y-DNA haplotype is derived from the markers. Haplogroups are large groups of haplotypes defining a genetic population.
http://www.ysearch.org/ has a database of 20,000 plus Unique Haplotypes from 28,000 plus records.
The choice on how many markers to test is discussed at
http://www.ftdna.com/faq2.html
It depends on the goals of closeness of matching a common ancestor.
mtDNA tests are based on HVR1 and HVR2 results.
http://www.mitosearch.org/ has a database of mtDNA results.
More DNA testing information can be found at
Family Tree DNA DNA101 with list of Tutorial Links
Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test
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